Which of the following is considered a personal communication in APA style?

In APA style, personal communications refer to information that is not recoverable by the general public. This includes specific types of communication such as private interviews, emails, and private messages that do not have a publicly accessible format. Interviews that are not accessible to the public fall under this category because they represent a direct exchange of information between individuals that cannot be retrieved by others.

Published emails, while they may be documented, are typically considered a recoverable source if they are made available to the public. Books and web articles, on the other hand, fall into the category of published works that can be located and cited by anyone, so they do not qualify as personal communications. This distinction is vital for researchers and writers using APA format as it dictates how they should reference different types of sources based on their accessibility.